-
Due: 9-19-08 Euler's
method and estimating trignometric functions.
The sine function satisfies the differential equation y'' = -y. In
other words, if y = f(x) and y' = f '(x) =
g(x),
and g'(x) = - f(x) with y(0) = f (0)
= 0 and y'(0) = g(0) = 1 then a solution for y is y(x)
= f(x) = sin(x). We can therefore apply Euler's
method in estimating the sine as the solution to the differential equation
y''
= -y with the initial conditions y(0) = 0 and y'(0) = 1.
The tangent function satisfies the differential equation y' =
1+y 2 with y(0)=0. This allows us to estimate
the tangent function with Euler's method as the solution to this differential
equation.
-
Use Euler's method with n = 10 applied to y'' = -y with the initial
conditions y(0) = 0 and y'(0) = 1 to estimate sin(1). Compare
your result to the value for sin(1) on your calculator. [Understimate?
overestimate? why?]
-
Use Euler's method with n = 10 applied to y'' = -y with the initial
conditions y(0) = 1 and y'(0) = 0 to estimate cos(1).Compare
your result to the value for cos(1) on your calculator. [Understimate?
overestimate? why?]
-
Use the previous estimates to estimate tan(1) = sin(1)/cos(1).
-
Use Euler's method with n = 10 applied to y' = 1+y 2
with y(0)=0 to estimate tan(1). Compare your result to the value
for tan(1) on your calculator. [Understimate? overestimate? why?]
-
Due 10-6-08 A
review trip.
FOR THIS PROBLEM ASSUME f '(x) = g(x)
and
g'(x)=
f(x) for all x, and that
f(0)
= 0 and
g(0) = 1.
-
Using Euler's method with n = 10, estimate f(1) and g(1).
-
Using the information in the assumption, show that [g(x)]
2 - [f(x)] 2 =1 for all x. [Hint:
Consider P(x)=[g(x)] 2 - [f(x)]
2.]
-
Let .
Show S''(x) = S(x), S(0) = 0 and S'(0) = 1.
-
Using your knowledge of calculus and the exponential function, graph the
following:
(a) S(x).
(b) S'(x).
In your graphs show and explain such features as extrema,
concavity, symmetry, etc.
-
Due 10-20-08 Keeping
things small by parts:
Let .
-
Show that g takes on its smallest value when
-
Find the values of A that minimize g(A) in part i)
a) when f(x) = x and
b) when f(x) = ex
-
Due 11-3-08 Some Integrals
.
a) Find `int {tan^{-1}(x)}/( 1+x^2 ) dx`.
b) Find `int x^3 sin(x) dx`.
c) Find `int (x^3+3x^2+1)/( x^3+x^2+x+1 ) dx`.
d) Find `int_1^e [ln(x)]^3 dx`.
-
Due 11-21 .
Differential Equations, MacLaurin Polynomials, and Euler's Method.
-
Suppose f is a "`C^{oo}` "
function with f (0) = 1, f '(0) = -1 and f ''(x)=
2f '(x) + 3f (x).
-
Find the MacLaurin polynomial of degree
6 for f.[Hint: First find an equation for f '''(x).]
-
Estimate the value of f (1) using
this polynomial.
-
Use Euler's method with n = 4 to estimate
f
(1).
-
Let g(x) = (1+x)1/2 . Find the Maclaurin polynomial of
degree 4 for g. Use your result to estimate g(1). Discuss the error in
this estimate.
-
....
-
Find the Maclaurin polynomial of degree 8 for cos 2x.
-
Find the Maclaurin polynomial of degree 8 for sin 2x. (Hint:
sin 2 x = (1 - cos (2x) )/2.)
-
Estimate òx=0
x=1(sin (x) /x )2 dx using the first three non-zero terms
of the Maclaurin polynomial in b). Explain how you handled the fact that
this is an improper integral in your estimate.
-
Estimate the integral in part c) using Simpson's rule. Explain how you
handled the fact that this is an improper integral in your estimate.
Discuss the error in your estimate in part iii). [Use Taylor's theorem.]
-
Due . A
very flat function:
Let f(x) = exp(-1/x 2 ) when
x is not 0 and f(0)=0.
a) Explain why f is continuous at x = 0.
b) Find f '(x) when x is not 0.
c) Find f '(0). (Hint: Use the def'n of the derivative and L'Hospital's
Rule.)
d) Find f ''(x) when x is not 0.
e) Find f ''(0).(Hint: Use the def'n of the derivative and L'Hospital's
Rule.)
f) Sketch the graph of f.
g) Show that f '''(0) = 0 .
-
Due: Probability
Find exactly or estimate the value of a > 0 so that f
(x)
= e - 2x is a probability density function of a random
variable on the interval [-a, a].
Determine the mean for this random variable.
-
Due: Estimating functions and integrals.
Often information about a function is limited to the value of the function
at a few points or the values of the function and some of its derivatives
at a single point. The following problems ask you to construct alternative
functions matching the same given information and compute related
integrals.
1. Suppose f is a function with f (0) = 0, f (1) = 1, and f (2)
= 0 .
A Find a trigonometric function trig(x) so that trig(0) = f (0)
= 0, trig(1) = f (1) = 1, and trig(2) = f (2) = 0.
Graph the function trig and find .
B. Find a quadratic polynomial function q(x) so that q(0) = f (0) =
0, q(1) = f (1) = 1, and q(2) = f (2) = 0.
Graph the function q and find
.
2. Suppose f is a function with f (0) = 1, f '(0) = 1, and f
''(0) = -1 .
A. Find a trigonometric function rig(x) so that trig(0) = f(0) = 1,
trig '(0) = f '(0) = 1, and trig ''(0) = f ''(0) = -1.
Graph the function trig and find
.
B. Find a quadratic polynomial function q(x) so that q(0) = f(0)
=1, q '(0) = f '(0) = 1, and q ''(0) = f ''(0) = -1.
Graph the function q and find
.
3. Suppose f is a function with f (0) = 1, f '(0) = 1, f ''(0)
= 1, f '''(0) = 1, and f ''''(0)=1.
A. Find a quadratic polynomial function q(x) so that q(0) = f(0)
= 1, q '(0) = f '(0) = 1, and q ''(0) = f ''(0) = 1.
Graph the function q and find
.
B.Find a cubic polynomial function c(x) so that c(0) = f(0) = 1, c
'(0) = f '(0) = 1, c ''(0) = f ''(0) = 1, and c '''(0) = f '''(0) = 1.
Graph the function c and find
.
C. Find a quartic polynomial function r(x) so that r(0) = f(0) = 1,
r '(0) = f '(0) = 1, r ''(0) = f ''(0) = 1, r '''(0) = f '''(0) =
1, and r ''''(0) = f ''''(0) = 1.
Graph the function r and find .
-
Due: .
Comparing
Functions and Polynomials.
One way to select a polynomial to use for approximating a non-polynomial
function is to select coefficients for the polynomial to minimize some
measure of the difference between the two functions.
-
---
-
Find the value(s) for the coefficient m of a linear function f(x)
= mx to minimize the largest difference between f(x) and the function
p(x)
= x2 for all x in the interval [0,1]. Explain
your result. Draw a figure showing the point between 0 and 1 where the
difference is largest.
-
Find the value(s) for the coefficient m of a linear function f(x)
= mx to minimize the largest difference between f(x) and the function
p(x)
= x3 for all x in the interval [0,1]. Explain your
result. Draw a figure showing the point between 0 and 1 where the difference
is largest.
-
What if p(x)= xn where n is
a positive integer?
-
What if p(x) = ex -1 ?
-
What can you say in general about this problem?
-
---
-
Find the value(s) for the coefficient m of a linear function f(x)
= mx to minimize the value of the definite integral,
. Explain your result.
-
Find the value(s) for the coefficient m of a linear function f(x)
= mx to minimize the value of the definite integral,
. Explain your result.
-
What if the integral is
where n is a positive integer?
-
What if the integral is ?